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A deep dive into Cappadocia

Explore Cappadocia

Explore Cappadocia with a private guide. Marvel at the unique rock formations and fairy chimneys, take a breathtaking hot air balloon ride, and explore ancient cave dwellings and underground cities. Personalized tours uncover hidden gems, local stories, and unforgettable moments in one of Turkey’s most magical regions.

Cavusin Village

Cavusin is a touristic and charming village and one of the oldest settlements of the region situated along the Goreme-Avanos road in Cappadocia. The whole site was inhabited until the 1950s, when locals were forced to abandon their homes, due to falling rocks and danger that came with it. Houses in the village are cut into rock formations and many of their insides have been eroded by natural forces, such as rain, wind, and earthquakes. You can climb to the top of the village through a twisting path that offers panoramic views of Red Valley and Uchisar Castle. There is also a church called Saint John the Baptist from the 5th century atop the village, the oldest among the churches you should visit in the village.

Derinkuyu Underground City

One of the most famous underground cities in Cappadocia is Derinkuyu, built during the Byzantine era, when its inhabitants used it to protect themselves from Muslim Arabs during the Arab-Byzantine wars between 780 and 1180 CE. The multi-level city was composed of many passages and caves lying at around 60m under the ground and was able to shelter around 20,000 people as well as their livestock and food. It’s certainly the deepest underground city in Cappadocia (and in all of Turkey). Derinkuyu was opened to visitors in 1969 – albeit, with only half of the city available for viewing.

Fairy Chimneys

The rock formations that have made Cappadocia one of the most popular destinations in Turkey emerged due to a geological process that began millions of years ago. During the volcanic eruption, the ash that filled the skies eventually settled on the ground, solidifying into the fairy chimneys we see today. The composition is referred to as "tuff", and the initial base of this, combined with erosion from harder materials, helped to shape the unusual structures. Some of the towers reach heights of 130 feet, making them something akin to natural skyscrapers dotting Cappadocia's landscape.

Goreme Open Air Museum

Goreme Open Air Museum hosts the most important Byzantine cave churches in the world where the monks and nuns pursued monastic life. The story of the valley started in the 4th century AD, at the early Christian periods. Monastery life denominated the valley when Kayseri Bishop of St. Basil came there to spread his teachings and raise students. The region which is called Goreme Ruins too, was the center of the education and training system until the 13th Century. This valley, in which almost every rock block has been carved and transformed into places of worship, entered the UNESCO World Heritage List in 1985.

Ihlara Valley

Ihlara Valley is a fantastic canyon with a depth of about 100 meters and about 10 km. length that was formed by the volcanic activity from Mount Hasan and erosion by the Melendiz River hundred thousands of years ago. Ihlara Valley is not only a natural beauty, but also a rocky settlement area that hosted an extreme monastery life between 4th to 13th centuries D.C. and housed more than four thousand dwellings and a hundred hidden cave churches from the Byzantine period built by the Cappadocia Greeks. This local population was forced to leave the area and move to Greece in 1923 during the population exchange between Turkey and Greece.

Kaymakli Underground City

After being opened to the public in 1964, Kaymakli Underground City was awarded Unesco World Heritage status in 1985. It offers a fascinating window into the past, descending eight levels deep – although only the first four can be accessed by visitors, which lie at around 20m below ground. As a general rule, the wealthiest families lived closer to the surface. In comparison to its neighboring underground city, Derinkuyu, Kaymakli’s tunnels are noticeably narrower, lower and more steeply inclined. A 9km tunnel actually connects the two, but it’s not accessible to visitors.

Pigeon Valley

Pigeon Valley is a lovely valley located near Uchisar town named after the thousands of pigeon houses carved into the soft tufa since ancient times and offers another spectacular panoramic view over Cappadocia together with the spectacular views of the dovecotes. According to the rumor, the pigeon breeding started in the 9th century when the pigeon eggs were used as filling material for the frescos in the 9th century, as well as their fertilizers are used at the region’s grape-yards and farms to obtain extremely productive crops. And thus this is the source of Cappadocia’s delicious grapes and wine-making tradition.

Red & Rose Valley

The Red and Rose valley hike is found in the heart of the Göreme National Park in Cappadocia, about 15 minutes drive from the eponymous town; Göreme. Amazing rock formations in pinkish tones as well as ancient cave churches, make this Valley a very popular tourist destination. Throughout the Red Valley there are many unique rock formations as well as man-made dovecotes and rock-cut churches decorated with original frescoes, although partially worn away by rain the frescoes are still visible on the stone walls. Hiking trails begin in Cavusin, you can combine a walk through Red Valley with a visit to Rose Valley and continue hiking to a superb panorama viewpoint at the head of the valley.

Uchisar Castle

Uchisar is situated at the highest point in Cappadocia, on the Nevsehir-Goreme road, just 5 km from Goreme. The top of the Uchisar Castle, provides a magnificent panorama of the surrounding area with Mount Erciyes in the distance. Many rooms hollowed out into the rock are connected to each other with stairs, tunnels and passages. At the entrances of the rooms, there are millstone doors, just like the ones in the underground settlements, used to control access to these places. Due to the erosion in places of this multi-leveled castle, it is unfortunately not possible to reach all the rooms. The castle has two different views: One side showing houses with amazing views from on high and other side having multiple levels of pigeon nests.

Zelve Open Air Museum

Zelve Open Air Museum in the Cappadocia region is one of the most visually stunning historical sites in Turkey. Originally a Byzantine-era (9th century) monastery, it is reputed to be both one of the earliest settled and last-abandoned monasteries in the entire region. The honeycomb-esque spaces include religious and secular chambers and pointed fairy chimneys and in the 400 years between the 9th and 13th centuries, four churches were built whose remains stand to this day despite nature’s best efforts at erosion. The valleys were inhabited until 1952, when they were deemed too dangerous to live in and the villagers were resettled a few kilometers away in Aktepe, also known as Yeni Zelve (New Zelve).

guides in Cappadocia

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MAHMUT Emre ÖNAL

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Umut Kurt

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